The colloidal mill consisted of two parts: a fixed part (stator) and a rotating part (rotator).
In emulsification, bitumen is combined with water phase solution (emulsifying solution) by a particular bitumen emulsion mill or colloidal mill. 3- Mixing Bitumen with Water to Make an Emulsion The preparation of anionic emulsifiers such as fatty acids requires the dissolution of a base (like caustic soda). This changes the properties of the water phase and, as a result, the emulsion bitumen.Ĭationic emulsifiers are usually created by mixing amines with water and acids. Inversely, the emulsion concentration increases. Generally, the water temperature should be below 70 degrees Celsius because further increases lead to water evaporation.Īs a result of evaporation, the water concentration decreases.
Sometimes water needs to reach a specific temperature to dissolve solid emulsifiers, which are available in plates, granules, etc. It can be used in liquid or solid phases. The emulsifier contains 1% of the aqueous phase weight. In the aqueous phase, an emulsifier and other additives are dissolved. 2- Preparation of the aqueous phaseĪ bitumen emulsion typically contains 30-50% water phase. Low viscosity also allows bitumen and water to mix better.ī) The bitumen should be soft enough to break into fine pieces when milling. Sometimes bitumen needs to be heated to reach these conditions.īut why should bitumen have these characteristics to produce bitumen emulsion?Ī) To easily transfer and pump bitumen from vessels to the mill, bitumen viscosity should be less than two poise. The suitable bitumen for emulsion production should be soft and have a viscosity of less than two poise. Generally, the bitumen is penetration grade 60/70 or Vg 30 grade of viscosity bitumen. 1- Bitumen preparationĮmulsion bitumen consists of 50 to 70% bitumen. This preparation is done for easy transferring and mixing. The bitumen and water phases must first be prepared to produce bitumen emulsion. This article provides an overview of bitumen emulsion production. It breaks the bitumen into fine droplets.Īs a result, it makes it easier for the emulsifier molecules to reach the bitumen droplets to suspend and disperse them in water. Mixing bitumen and water occurs through a particular mill called a colloidal mill. At spans greater than 0.60 m (1.97 ft), no tensile strain would develop.Bitumen emulsion is a liquid mixture that contains bitumen, water, an emulsifier and some additives. This assumes a differential settlement of 4.92 cm (1.94 in.) at the center resulting from the application of a 0.76-m (2.5-ft) cover. Results indicate that the minimum span length the seal could withstand without failing is 0.34 m (1.1 ft). The potential effect of differential settlement of the tailings pile on the integrity of the more » seal system was also examined. The investigation considered the mechanical interaction between the tailings pile and cover. Therefore, the physical stability of this seal was examined. An important determinant of overall cover system stability is the integrity of the 6.35-cm (2.5-in.) thick asphalt admix seal. A key requirement of any cover system is its long-term stability the cover must withstand failure over very long periods of time.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory, is investigating the use of an asphalt emulsion admix seal to reduce the release of radon from uranium mill tailings. Authors: Koehmstedt, P L Hartley, J N Davis, D K Publication Date: Research Org.: Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA (United States) OSTI Identifier: 7216134 Report Number(s): BNWL-2190 TRN: 77-011236 DOE Contract Number: EY-76-C-06-1830 Resource Type: Technical Report Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES 11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS ASPHALTS USES FEED MATERIALS PLANTS RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL RADIUM 226 RADON DIFFUSION BARRIERS EMULSIONS MILL TAILINGS MOISTURE ORE PROCESSING SEALING MATERIALS URANIUM ORES ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES BITUMENS COLLOIDS DISPERSIONS ELEMENTS EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI HEAVY NUCLEI INDUSTRIAL PLANTS ISOTOPES MANAGEMENT NONMETALS NUCLEAR FACILITIES NUCLEI ORES ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCESSING RADIOISOTOPES RADIUM ISOTOPES RARE GASES SOLID WASTES TAR WASTE DISPOSAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTES YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES 052002* - Nuclear Fuels- Waste Disposal & Storage 050400 - Nuclear Fuels- Feed Processing
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